スペインの800万0000人の生活が掛かっている年金制度の改革(削減？)は慎重に。
TRIBUNA
Pensiones públicas dignas y seguras
En un sistema de larga duración, no hay que cambiar por factores coyunturales
Ignacio Fernández Toxo / Cándido Méndez 25 DIC 2012 - 00:01 CET
TRIBUNE
Decent and safe public pensions
In a long-term, we should not change by economic factors
Ignacio Fernández Toxo / Colin Campbell 25 DIC 2012 - 00:01 CET
The pension system is key to the population. Covers more than eight million people and workers rely on an adequate and sufficient provision when they finish their working lives. Your task is ambitious and essential cycles stabilizes and balances social inequalities, with great influence on the quality of life of people.
The public pension system has remained until recently annual surpluses, accumulating a large Reserve Fund (66,814,000 euros by mid-2012, the 6.5% of GDP). The crisis has destroyed three million employed since 2008, has a decisive influence on the deterioration of their accounts to run deficits (4400 million euros in 2012, and -2.131 million euros in 2013 with the official forecast).
In 2013 enters into force a comprehensive reform agreement derived in 2011 by the previous government with CCOO, UGT, CEOE and CEPYME and then approved by Parliament. Delve into the contributory system access by changing the formula and calculation of benefits, incorporating the criterion of full career with 38.5 years of contributions to determine the normal retirement age for each person aged 65 to 67 years, instead of Current 65 and this, despite being aware that Spain has one of the actual retirement age higher European Union (63.87). At the time, it recognizes a collective contribution periods so far penalized in the labor market (including women and youth).
Nor should cut benefits when revenues by job losses
The reform provides for changes in revenue contributions to strengthen the pension system and eliminates distortions affecting their equity. It acts on the different forms of access to early retirement (voluntary, involuntary and partial) combining stringent access requirements, with the recognition of new rights exist until today. The aim is to strengthen the distribution system, combining a higher pension coverage reasonable improvements in real terms and moderation in the growth of spending in relation to GDP, reaching a percentage similar to the euro zone than ours today.
With the stated financial position and without checking the effects of the reform, we hear voices calling for a structural reform of the system for financial sustainability. Experience in a long-term structural decisions recommended for cyclical economic reasons. As they moved to reservations made surpluses over the economic cycle, nor should cut benefits when revenues by job losses, which have contributed the last two labor reforms, which must be reversed. Otherwise, our biggest problem is not how to pay pensions.
Additionally, the Court of Justice of the European Union has declared discriminatory Spanish law regarding the recognition of periods of contribution to Social Security in part-time contracts. The scope of this doctrine, which reflects positions taken by trade unions, will matter on our pension system.
Reshape upgrade could reduce the cost, but detrimental to all beneficiaries
The pension of a worker is a result of the efforts made during his career, the annual revaluation of its pension allows you to maintain the purchasing power of perception over time. Reshape update (annual CPI) could reduce the cost, but detrimental to all beneficiaries. The excessive price growth deteriorates weaker incomes and ability to compete via price of Spanish products. The main objective of economic policy should be price stability, no pensioners harm. Displays of this concern is the NCSA II signed by UGT, CCOO, CEOE and CEPYME in 2012 to bring about a more moderate price thanks to the evolution of the income for three years (salaries and benefits paid, to which must be added action of public authorities in the public price control).
The pension system should care equitable treatment of persons serving the same conditions, contributing to solidarity, social cohesion and justice without neglecting sustainability and equity of the system, but these goals do not support the disappearance of the various figures of early retirement that do not threaten the viability or equity and yet, give much coverage to disadvantaged groups of workers who have lost their jobs and their age is almost impossible to get another. The approach of the effective retirement age for regular access can be an apparent goal, but today-with an early retirement reduction factor demanding for those who use (6.5% -7.5% per year of advancement applicable to Full length delivery, does not question the financial sustainability by not generating higher cost. aesthetic goals do not reinforce the pension system.
The pension expenditure to GDP ratio depends on three major factors: number of benefits, the pension amount and average disposable income to go around. Any pension system should be subject to ongoing monitoring and evaluation, but eventually also is influenced by the uncertainty that determines the level of employment and wealth generated. The determination of a sustainability factor, as advertised, is an important decision that, where appropriate, should be agreed and no link, no more, life expectancy, ie the number of years of collecting benefits. Must analyze and add other variables such as changes in the contribution base of active workers, the evolution of GDP, and so on.
We need more like the consensus achieved in the Toledo Pact
Unlike what happens in most of Europe, in Spain the sustainability factor exists, successfully, since 1995, and is built around the Social Dialogue, which has produced four agreements, two of which are particularly intense, and Toledo Pact
The fees in relation to GDP in Spain are lower by 2.5 points of GDP to the euro area average. There is scope to increase that can be used in common contingency fee with a distribution in which workers also participate in a sufficient percentage. The employer's share is part of the labor costs for the company, but the whole of the membership fees are income of employees perceived lazily (benefits).
Income from fees help to measure the contributory system, but may be supplemented by other forms of revenue to complete the target set as society effort to income of those who contributed their efforts in previous generations (pension expenditure to GDP). CCOO and UGT have shown their commitment to the Spanish Social Security system, actively participating in the design and development, with specific actions, brave in many cases, which have required an intense process of explanation among workers.
These measures in the social dialogue, have strengthened the system and have been embedded within the consensus articulated in the Toledo Pact. Single State Pact living in Spain at issue in these times. It is wrong, we need more consensus of these features, not weaken the existing. Spanish society dialogue and consensus needed to check out of the crisis and better. Unilateral and abrupt changes in the pension system does not help it.
Ignacio Fernandez Toxo and Cándido Méndez are general secretaries of CCOO and UGT respectively.
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