8割から9割のアメリカ合衆国の大学は電脳網で授業を公開、低額の授業料か無料で大学教育の大衆化!?
Elitismo de masas
Las mejores universidades del mundo apuestan por impartir curso en la Red
Harvard y el MIT sorprenden al sector con cursos gratis
Cristina F. Pereda 12 AGO 2012 - 21:58 CET
Mass elitism
The world's best universities are committed to provide ongoing Network
Harvard and MIT surprised the industry with free courses
Cristina F. Pereda 12 AGO 2012 - 21:58 CET
The emergence of education over the Internet in the university has opened the doors to many students who had not agreed to higher education should rely on traditional teaching. Furthermore, this expression is dramatically changing the way some universities face their future.
Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), the two most prestigious universities in the world, have surprised the educational community with the release of free offers via the Web since the fall, several courses-in There is currently no full-degree programs available over the Internet. One strategy that some interpret as a mere commercial hook to attract new students and others regard as a decisive step towards adapting to new business models more flexible through the Web The University of California at Berkeley, has also been joined this project called EDX.
Those who complete the courses and demonstrate (either with a test or work) that have used properly receive a certificate of completion, which this year will be free and the next will cost a small fee.
"It's the biggest breakthrough since the invention of printing," says an expert
Another 16 large institutions, including Stanford, Princeton and Johns Hopkins also committed to this formula and just released its own system, which will put on the Web more than a hundred courses and aims to recruit students outside the borders of United States and in several languages.
This opens up an important and comprehensive range of opportunities. During the presentation of its new platform, EDX, the president of MIT, Susan Kockfield, inviting the audience to imagine the power of a group of young people participating in any class from an Internet cafe in Cairo. He spoke of an online learning experience in which all students, teachers and researchers-often from different countries, share the same platform, expanding the content and lessons beyond the traditional classroom.
"This is the biggest change in the world of education since the invention of printing," said Anant Agarwal, chairman and professor at MIT EDX. "Modern technologies such as web or data hosting in the cloud can drive massive scale online education," he said. "The online university is here to stay, and higher education landscape will change completely" agrees Carles Sigalés Vice Chancellor for Academic Policy at the UOC (Open University of Catalonia).
In the U.S., 77% of universities offer courses via the Internet. And one in four students claimed to have participated in some type of class through the Internet, according to a study in 2011 by the Pew Research Center.
This kind of teaching predominates among public universities (89%) than private (69%) thanks to investment from governments, as well as some private investment in private centers, known as "charter schools", traditionally more open to experimentation.
No more going to class: the class that will go to student's home
In total, more than six million U.S. students took classes through the Internet in the last year, 560,000 more than in the previous year, according to a report from Babson College. This growth, 10%, is significantly greater than that of traditional higher education, which increased only 2% to 19.7 million students, according to recent census data. In addition, dozens of U.S. companies and organizations have increased their investment in online education to take positions in this field. Encourage the creation of new rules to create more distance classes and increase the proportion of hours taught over the Web
United States, the country hosting the largest number of elite universities in the world, is sixteenth in the proportion of students completing the race, with a 42% drop, according to the Civitas Learning. The high price of a university degree is among the top reasons for leaving school (cost between 6,500 and 32,000 euros per year), according to the University Council. In Europe, with a very powerful public offering prices much more affordable, has existed for years a lot of pressure to increase what students pay for their tuition (in Spain, some communities have risen this year to 66%, from 1,000 to more than 1,600 euros).
But does this work?
J. A. Aunión
You can go everywhere and be much cheaper, even free, but online learning can provide an education as good as the face? According to a study commissioned by the Department of Education U.S. consulting firm SRI International and published in 2009, the answer is yes.
After analyzing the most important research done on the subject between 1996 and 2008, claimed that online education is learned completely the same or even more than the face. The difference is much greater in favor of programs that combine the methods remotely by the Network and face.
The reason given is that the model more effective by itself, but the fact that distance education requires students heavily involved, and the student's attitude is crucial in all kinds of teaching.
Those who study at a distance often devote more time to study, to seek additional information to share and discuss ... This advantage, shared with the distance education throughout life, is amplified by the magnificent means of the Internet for these jobs. Difficulties are also common, namely the huge motivation that is not available worldwide, which dropout rates are high.
"Students reject debt as they have done so far," said Jim Taylor, a professor in the Digital Futures Institute, University of Queensland. "We must recognize that we can not meet current demand without changing the system. It's too expensive. "
The high cost of traditional university education, especially in the most prestigious, is the fact that students seeking different educational experiences, with a strong technological content. Universities are thus immersed in a historic crossroads: need new revenue just at a time when they are forced to adapt its educational offerings to meet students who live permanently connected.
"The traditional university has become a dinosaur," says Maria Jesus Frigols, professor of International University of Valencia (VIU), in which several degrees and taught through a virtual classroom education system: all classes are taught through the computer and the time chosen by the student. "Online education is going to be a spur to the traditional university. His times are too slow to adapt. They have to react, they have no choice. Now is the university that the student goes home. This flexibility is absolutely essential, "he says.
But what most surprised by the announcement of Harvard and MIT was not the digitization of his teaching, but access to the courses of two of the most elite of the world was free. Those responsible for the initiative recognized that the Internet has so much potential to break models in the field of education as it has done before in the music, publishing or the media, so that the two institutions would outpace the response other sectors have not yet found.
In fact, the online college is not cheap compared to the classroom: a study by the Thomas Fordham Institute made in 2011, the average cost per student is between $ 6,400 (5,200 euros) for a one hundred percent online college and the 8,900 U.S. dollars (7,200 euros) for combining teaching on the Web and traditional classroom centers spend about 10,000 (8,100 euros).
"If you are changing the lives of millions of people end up finding ways to make money doing it," he told Newsweek Andrew Eng, one of the founders of the company Coursera. Founded in Silicon Valley, created a platform in collaboration with 12 private universities to offer their courses online for free. For now, students have access to 117 classes, from Computers and Programming to Greek Mythology or astrobiology.
Its creators acknowledge that teachers who teach the classroom will not charge more for teaching well online and the company still lacks a viable business model for future.
According to the study of Babson College, most American university presidents do not see the transition to online education as a method of saving. Centers must maintain their traditional teaching infrastructure and also to acquire or create new digital platforms, hire teachers and invest in improvements to a system that practically just born.
Supporters of free higher education on the Internet suggest that there are traditional universities in countries like Denmark or Sweden, where students pay no tuition to attend classes. This is, after all, to find alternative funding streams.
In Australia, many teachers advocate a new business model based on free access to education and supported by a network of institutions with international recognition, as the platform on Open Educational Resources (OER). It is the model which has bet the University of Queensland. OER has been created in collaboration with the International Institute for Educational Planning of UNESCO, and will allow the University of Queensland finance their courses online through the fees students pay once they get the title. "The advance of technology and the Internet make the university has virtually zero cost," says Professor Jim Taylor. The Australian public university will use its existing infrastructure of teachers, qualifications and equipment to duplicate existing educational provision, simultaneously imparting through classroom and online.
The platform will be launched full OER in 2013, and later this year students from around the world have the opportunity to participate in three pilot career in the field of international relations, art and design. Some of the institutions participating in the initiative have offered to translate materials into languages like Spanish, expanding its potential to Latin America, as well as local languages of southern Africa.
"The institutions are giving courses in the Network are to improve access to education, without thereby threatening the traditional university," says Taylor. "In addition, the online education opens the doors of college students now excluded and connect with other professionals around the world," says the expert. "It's a social justice issue," concludes Taylor.
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