キューバのグァンタナモ基地刑務所で、CIAによる凶(恐)暴者(テロリスト)容疑者の不法逮捕、輸送、軟禁、拷問の違法行為の10年
El limbo legal de la prisión de Guantánamo cumple diez años
La cárcel más infausta de la guerra contra el terrorismo sigue abierta pese a las promesas de Obama
Las dificultades legales para juzgar a los detenidos en EE UU complican el cierre
Guantánamo, depresión pos-Osama
David Alandete Washington 11 ENE 2012 - 09:11 CET
The legal limbo of Guantanamo turns ten years old
The most infamous prison in the war against terrorism remains open despite Obama's promises
Legal difficulties to try detainees in the U.S. complicate closure
Guantánamo, depression post-Osama
David Alandete Washington 11 ENE 2012 - 09:11 CET
Exactly 10 years ago today , scores of detainees by the U.S. Army during the early months of the war in Afghanistan arrived at Guantanamo Bay on the island of Cuba , on board a C -141 military plane , which had departed Kandahar yesterday. Dressed in overalls and hats bright orange , with eyes, noses, mouths and ears plugged , shackled hands and feet, were moved to Camp X- Ray , a prison outside that had been used for the last time , to stop Cuban criminals who had reached base on Cuba rafter exodus of 1994.
Ten years of Guantanamo
January 11, 2002 : The first group of 20 detainees arrive at Camp X - Ray at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba where there are outdoor cells with concrete floor.
January 18, 2002 : President George W. Bush decides that prisoners with charges of terrorism can not be protected as prisoners of war , as indicated by the Geneva Convention .
May 9, 2003 : Guantánamo reaches full capacity with a population of 779 detainees.
November 10, 2003 : The U.S. Supreme Court agreed to take up the case of the Guantanamo prison .
February 15, 2006 : A UN report recommends the closure of Guantánamo.
June 29, 2006 : The U.S. Supreme Court recognized that the Guantanamo military commission violates international law and the country. Decides that detainees must be protected by the Geneva Convention .
March 14, 2007 : Abd al- Rahim al- Nashiri , accused of the bombing of the destroyer USS Cole in Yemen in 2000, says he was tortured to confess his involvement in terrorist activities.
January 14, 2009 : For the first time the administration of George W. Bush recognizes that one of the detainees have been tortured.
January 22, 2009 : Two days after Barack Obama took office as President , signed three orders on Guantanamo . A to close the prison within a year, other techniques to stop the CIA to interrogate detainees , and more to review conditions of detention.
January 21, 2010 : The Department of Justice concluded that 50 of the 196 detainees at Guantanamo should remain in prison indefinitely without trial.
March 5, 2010 : Obama advisers recommend that detainees related to the September 11, 2001 to be tried in military tribunals and not civilian as proposed by the state attorney general , Eric H. Holder.
March 7, 2011 : Obama orders resumption of military commissions at Guantanamo.
April 25, 2011 : Wikileaks reveals reports between 2002 and 2009 on the conditions of the prison where torture of prisoners is recognized.
Seven days later, President George W. Bush appeared before the nation to explain that these men were terrorists who were associated with the attacks of 11 - S and that they would not apply the protections of the Geneva Conventions , which protect prisoners of war . Thus was born the most infamous of the war on terrorism prison, a prison in legal limbo , a naval base leased by the United States to Cuba long before the communist revolution of the 50s. There would be retained , said Bush , who named it "unlawful combatants."
Camp X Ray soon give way to Camp Delta , where he came to hold up to 779 alleged terrorists. Most already gone to other countries ( at least five to Spain ) . Those that remain are now divided into two prisons . In Camp 6 is most of the 167 detainees, many of whom await transfer to other countries. A few meters away is Camp 5 maximum-security prison where twenty people awaiting trial on an almost total isolation. There ideologues of the terrorist attacks of 11 - S , as Khaled Sheikh Mohammed are .
The presence of these detainees in Guantánamo maximum security is what keeps the open prison . Until Washington can find out what to do with them , that no man's land will remain open overlooking the Caribbean Sea . Among those bars there are also four prisoners who have already been convicted and serving sentences . The military commissions process , which is judged to detainees, also continues. Next week the proceedings against Abd al- Rahim al- Nashiri , accused of the bombing of the destroyer USS Cole in Yemen in 2000 , an attack in which 17 U.S. soldiers died resume .
In a sense , Guantánamo was an ideal place for Bush 's intentions of creating a legal limbo beyond the Geneva Conventions . There is Cuban sovereignty , but the territory is controlled by the Americans. The lease , signed in 1903 , can only break Washington. U.S. sends each year to Havana a check to pay the rent , worth 3,100 euros and never charged . Bush found the perfect equation on which to build this prison : one based on the sovereign territory of an enemy with which the U.S. has no diplomatic contacts.
Many of the detainees are still interrogating them . We often make the military detention center employees . They also have access to CIA agents who tortured them in the past , with the techniques approved by the Bush Administration , such as sleep deprivation, exposure to extreme temperatures or mock drowning. Last year, COUNTRY published papers donated by Wikileaks revealing the harsh conditions of that deal.
" The interrogations have a strategic role in the global war against terrorism. Have an element of protection for our guards and their operations , "he recently told this newspaper Adm. David B. Woods , commander of Joint Task Force Guantanamo , which includes prisons and all the logistics that sustains them . "It is a global network of terrorism. We need to understand that network, and how it works , as funds and trains . All these pieces are part of a puzzle that helps us defend ourselves in the global war against terrorism. "
In 2009, the day after taking up office , Barack Obama outlawed extreme interrogation techniques and signed a decree ordering the closure of Guantánamo within a year. The Government breached the order. When he wanted to try the 11 - S ideologues federal courts in New York, the political turmoil forced him to back down . He felt , in parallel, several prisons that could house the detainees, but Republicans on Capitol Hill were strongly opposed his transfer to U.S. national soil . According to their reasoning , if the mistrial was declared because the prisoners had been tortured , could eventually be released within the borders of America.
Among those bars are four prisoners who have been convicted and are serving sentences
Previously, the U.S. justice had Bush unworthy decisions . In 2006 , the Supreme Court , the highest court in the U.S., decided that the military commission system devised by the White House violated international law and the Geneva Conventions should apply to detainees. Two years later, that court voted in favor of the detainees could challenge their detention before U.S. federal courts, claiming judicial guarantees of habeas corpus, which aim to prevent arbitrary arrests and unfair . All these court decisions and policies have failed to dismantle the prison in a decade. Obama ordered the resumption of military commissions at Guantánamo in March last year.
In a climate of austerity , the price of Guantánamo is also a source of concern. The naval base has 2,100 soldiers, and 1,500 of them work for the prison. Keep each prisoner costs the American taxpayers $ 800,000 ( 627,000 euros) each year. In total, $ 137 million of annual budgets approved by Washington, a considerable figure in a context in which Congress, in Washington, is looking for ways to cut $ 1.5 trillion in government spending . To date , Guantánamo is part of a diplomatic problem , the most expensive prison in the world.
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