法律で妊娠中絶(堕胎)を制限している国ほど、妊娠中絶手術が多い。
A leyes más restrictivas, más abortos
Un estudio mundial revela que hay más interrupciones del embarazo allá donde es ilegal
Criminalizarlo es una estrategia cruel y fallida y conlleva más riesgos para la madre
En España, el cambio a la ley de plazos no alteró las tendencias
El embarazo de una niña aviva el debate en Argentina
ANÁLISIS: 'La vida de ellas', por GABRIELA CAÑAS
Antía Castedo 20 ENE 2012 - 00:07 CET
A more restrictive laws, most abortions
A global survey reveals that there are more abortions than where it is illegal
Criminalize is a cruel strategy failed and carries more risks to mother
In Spain, the law change did not alter the trends deadlines
The pregnancy of a girl sparked the debate in Argentina
ANALYSIS: 'The life of them', by Gabriela REED
Castedo Antía 20 ENE 2012 - 00:07 CET
If a government wants to reduce the rate of abortions and the risk for women of childbearing age should not ban them. Nor constrain the cases in which allowed. A study published in The Lancet reveals that the rate of abortions is lower in countries with more permissive laws, and are more numerous where the intervention is illegal or very limited, although women have to resort to clandestine clinics and endanger their health . "Approve restrictive laws not reduce the rate of abortions," said Gilda Sedgh, author of the study, "but it increases women's death." "Condemning, stigmatizing and criminalizing abortion are cruel and failed strategies," says Richard Morton, director of The Lancet.
The authors warn that the remarkable decrease in the global rate of abortions that occurred between 1995 and 2003 has stopped, while they have increased under hazardous conditions. In that period, the rate of abortions per 1,000 women of reproductive age (ages 35-29 per 1,000 women aged 15 to 44 years, the reproductive considered). Then he stopped. According Sedgh, this is because there has been no progress on the presence and use of contraceptive methods. "We must invest more in family planning," asked the researcher, who signs the study with the World Health Organization (WHO). The authors conclude that "the restrictive laws are not associated with lower rates of abortions". For example, South Africa, which legalized in 1997, is the lowest in the continent.
South Africa legalized the practice in 1997 and is the lowest rate in Africa
The study abounds in the online data published in Spain after the entry into force of the Law on Sexual and Reproductive Health in July 2010, which allows a woman to abort without explanation until the 14th week of pregnancy. The number of abortions in Spain hardly changed by 1% higher on the year the law took effect. Moreover, in the second half of 2010 there were almost 4,000 fewer interventions than in the first, when the standard had not entered into force.
The Deputy Prime Minister Soraya Saenz de Santamaria, confirmed a few weeks ago the president's commitment, Mariano Rajoy, to reform the law to "preserve the right to life and to ensure the situation of children." The statement was interpreted as an attempt to return to the stage before the law, which required to plead a cause (rape, malformation or risks for women) for intervention.
"The laws do not change the number of abortions, because a woman who is forced to abort look the way it is," says Javier Martinez Salman, head of Gynecology Hospital Severo Ochoa in Madrid. "If the government wants to reduce abortions, should reduce unwanted pregnancies," he continues. Martinez believes that sex education policies are much more effective than a legal change.
"Invest more
in planningfamily, "saysauthor of the report
Where laws do affect very directly is in the number of interventions that carry a high risk to health. Their proportion has continued to increase in the world in the past 13 years, representing 49% of the total. Almost all (98%) are made in poor countries, while in Europe and North America are almost nonexistent. WHO defines these operations as carried out "by an individual who does not have the necessary training or in an environment that does not meet minimal medical standards." Generally safe operations in countries in which abortion is permitted, and dangerous in which the laws are more restrictive. "Even in developing countries that have adopted progressive laws, illegal abortions tend to represent less risk than the rest," says the study. "In South Africa, the number of deaths related to abortions fell 91% after liberalization" explains Sedhg. The study states that 47,000 women died from abortion-related complications in 2008 in the world.
"The abortion rates of a country explain various reasons, among which is very much about sex education," says Isabel Serrano, president of the Planned Parenthood Federation. Not only is the law, but the level of "acceptance of sexuality" and access to contraception. "The Law on Sexual and Reproductive Health has not fired terminations of pregnancy, although some said it was going to be a loophole. Young people do not replace the abortion contraceptives "he reflects.
The other controversial aspect of the law passed by the Socialist government, and which also referred Santamaria is parental consent. The law states that from the age of 16 women can decide on the termination of pregnancy and that the children should tell their parents unless this would create a "serious family conflict." Santamaria insisted that the government wants to "ensure the situation of minors", probably eliminating the current exception.
The rate has increasedEastern Europe by "low useeffective contraceptive
Of 1,186 children examined by the Association of Accredited Abortion Clinics Pregnancy (Acai), 13% did not inform their guardian. These young women are "the most vulnerable," says Serrano, afraid that any change in current law affecting this group. "If you sow confusion, some girls have so much fear that delay the decision or will the underground, risking his life." Acai President, Francisca Garcia, agrees: "Restrictive laws do not reduce abortion rates and ensure women's health." "In the Netherlands, where abortion is permitted up to 24 weeks without conditions, the rate is the lowest in Europe."
"The medical abortion has increased throughout the world, both legal and clandestine operations," say the authors of the research. The experts are clear that this approach has helped to save lives: "Increased medication use has probably contributed to the decline in the proportion of clandestine abortions that result in the death of the mother." In Spain, this type of intervention are a minority, but in communities like Catalonia family planning centers can prescribe medication.
Almost one in fivepregnancies ended inabortion in the world in 2008
In Europe, about 30% of pregnancies end in abortion. But in Eastern countries produced 43 per 1,000 women of reproductive age (the highest rate in the world), compared to 12 in Western Europe. After declining in the nineties, the rate of abortions in Eastern Europe significantly increased "low use of effective contraception." Almost one in five pregnancies ended in abortion in the world in 2008, the last year with reliable data. Although the rate has remained stable, this year there were 2.2 million more abortions in 2003 due to global population growth. The number of abortions fell by 600,000 in rich countries since 2003, but increased by 2.8 million in developing countries.
Despite the figures, abortion remains taboo in many countries, according to the editor of The Lancet. "My experience tells me that the mere mention of the subject generates a strong visceral reaction to any discussion," he explains. "The stigma and censorship of this topic is common in international agencies and commissions," he concludes.
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