経済協力開発機構（OECD）は、さらなるスペインの歳出削減、所得税の各種控除の廃止、失業手当の条件の厳格化、年金の削減、定年まえの年金所得の廃止、付加価値税の引き上げなどを要求
La OCDE pide a España subir más el IVA y abaratar más el despido
El organismo sugiere subir el IVA del turismo, del transporte y de los libros
Gurría propone el contrato único y un menor coste del despido improcedente
Reclama una nueva reforma de las pensiones y la supresión de la jubilación parcial
Pide que se supriman deducciones en el IRPF por pensiones y por compra de vivienda
También reclama endurecer las condiciones para cobrar el desempleo
Las 12 recomendaciones clave del informe de la OCDE
Miguel Jiménez Madrid 29 NOV 2012 - 13:30 CET
The OECD calls on Spain climb plus VAT and cheaper over dismissal
The agency suggests raise VAT on tourism, transport and books
Gurria proposed single contract and lower cost of unfair dismissal
Calls for a new pension reform and the abolition of partial retirement
Request to remove income tax deductions for pensions and homeownership
It also calls for tougher conditions collect unemployment
The 12 key recommendations of the OECD report
Miguel Jimenez Madrid 29 NOV 2012 - 13:30 CET
For if after a year of hard cuts, tax rises and economic reforms the government is beginning to run out of ideas, the OECD has proposed today Spain a huge catalog of new measures, some of them radical, in the biennial the Spanish economy that performs the lead agency José Ángel Gurría. Up plus VAT, plus cheaper dismissal reform pensions back to lower benefits, suppress partial retirement, ending in income tax deductions for contributions to pension plans, retroactively eliminate some deductions for housing and tighten conditions to collect unemployment are just some of its proposals.
From the Spanish government, the economy minister, Luis de Guindos, said that the government "will discuss with extreme care" all the recommendations of the OECD, but asked the board-specific plus VAT-up said they do not think "make any decision more" about it.
The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) forecasts Black confirms the Spanish economy has posted this week, according to which unemployment will be installed over six million people by the end of this year or early next and remain above that level, at least until the end of 2014. With the data that gives the OECD can not calculate when and level will peak, but considering that the agency expects 2013 average unemployment rate over the year was 26.9%, that means that it Throughout the year, clearly exceed 27% at times, which, depending on the working population could reach 6.3 or 6.4 million unemployed.
This is the diagnosis of the OECD: "Spain is immersed in a prolonged recession. Depressing effect on the activity of the private sector deleveraging and the need for a significant fiscal consolidation following the bursting of the credit bubble, has been exacerbated by the debt crisis in the euro zone and the structural rigidities in the labor market, resulting in a sharp increase in unemployment and a banking crisis. The prospect of an immediate recovery remains remote because private sector deleveraging still has a long way to go, while the feedback loop between public finances and the banking sector remains strong. "
In such circumstances, create vital complete the consolidation of the financial sector, restore confidence in public finances and further reforms in the labor market. In the financial sector, the reflections of the OECD are in line with the troika regarding the bailout, although the agency also suggests the possibility of imposing losses on senior bondholders, warns of the risks of the bank bad and proposes a reform of bankruptcy proceedings.
As regards public finances, the OECD believes the government will not meet the deficit targets. Above all, it calls for specifying the measures for 2014, as well as the European Commission has done. From the institutional point of view, the report emphasizes that controlling the deficit of communities and the establishment of an independent fiscal authority, as has demanded the European Union and the Government has announced that it will. The OECD claims to be truly independent, with a mandate that does not coincide with the political cycle.
Pension reform
The OECD praises the pension reform made by the government of José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, but asks for more. The report says that "a pension indexation formula linking the system parameters to changes in life expectancy should be introduced as soon as possible", which is provided by law to enter into force in 2027. In addition, the OECD calls for new changes.
Thus, the agency claims to extend the computation of the pension to working life and further extend the time required to achieve the maximum pension, resulting in a decrease of future pensions. Notes that, despite the pension reform of 2011, the system still generates unnecessary disincentives to supply labor in the formal economy. With the reform, pensions are determined by the level of income in the 25 pre-retirement pension and maximum is reached after 37 years of contributions. "This setup does not recognize sufficiently long careers Trade, penalizes people with stable income throughout their working lives and encourages the extension of working life after the relevant contribution periods have been reached." The OECD believes that the system carries workers and employers to report only partially remuneration before they reach 25 years of working life, and not declaring the income in some years.
He also notes that savings can be achieved in the future pension expenditure "by reforming benefits for widows in light of the high labor market participation of young women, focusing more closely to benefits such cases of necessity."
The agency also believes that there is scope to further reduce public subsidies to early retirement through extended unemployment benefit payments, but indicates that these measures should not be considered a priority now, in view of the difficult situation on the labor market and its low cost budget. Instead, it believes urgent to end the partial retirement aid (in reducing working hours and begins to receive a pension). "These are expensive budget which must be eliminated as soon as possible."
Plus VAT for tourism and less in income tax deductions
In terms of taxes, the agency notes that taxation in Spain is very focused on labor taxes, including social contributions. The OECD welcomes the increase in VAT as well, but again asked for more. "Several sectors continue to benefit from substantially reduced rates and VAT base should expand even more, spending most goods and services at the standard rate. For example, services related to tourism and transport services are only taxed at 10 %. Certain paper products only taxed at 4%, "he says in probable reference to books, newspapers and magazines.
The agency also sees room to eliminate exemptions and deductions in income tax. In particular, proposes to abolish or substantially reduce deductions for contributions to pension plans, which "primarily benefit middle-income households and high." "Any positive impact of deductions for savings of private households is likely to be more than offset by lower government saving and the rate of return on pension plans of this type may be significantly less than the interest rates public debt. addition, its elimination will not adversely affect the activity, "reasons the OECD.
Also welcome to have removed the shelter deduction for new mortgages, but also believed possible withdraw retroactively to existing part, as has been done timidly: "The further reduction of tax deductions for existing mortgages may be possible , especially for homeowners who have already benefited from the deductions for many years, "says the report. "The tax advantages to rental income received and capital gains from housing transactions should also be abolished," he adds.
The agency also proposes to consider an environmental tax, including higher taxes on transport fuel. "The Government plans to increase taxes on fuel, which is welcome," the report said.
The other OECD proposed tax reform is the Succession. Its economists believe that tax-based competencies must be fully attributed to the central government to prevent competition between communities and that rates must increase, but not to the point of causing capital flight.
Finally, fiscal, the OECD also indicates that these extra income tax increases could be spent on reducing social contributions of enterprises, especially for workers with lower wages.
The agency also believes that should be attributed to central government taxation on property transactions, through the transfer tax, whose revenue is very volatile. Furthermore, he believes that this should be reduced and extended rise approved property tax for this year and next, so that the high taxation of property sales will not discourage the geographical mobility of workers.
'Another labor reform?
The OECD economists praise the labor reform approved by the Popular Party government that cheapened and facilitated the dismissal, but again consider that, although it is "an important step in the right direction", still not enough.
The body looks good the lowering of dismissal for economic reasons that introduced the reform, but stressed that "to be seen how many layoffs will be judged from the courts." "In any case, compensation for unfair dismissal should be further reduced, since even at 33 days' wages, firing costs for unfair dismissal are still high compared with other countries. Specifically, the difference to the costs dismissal of workers on temporary contracts is still great. If reform is not effective in reducing substantially duality, move to a single contract with severance initially low but rising could reduce the difference in firing costs of contracts temporary and permanent, "says the OECD.
In labor, the agency also recommended further facilitate the pick of top-level agreements. One option would "abolish the legal extension of collective bargaining agreements or replace top level by a prior regime, where employers decide whether to be represented at the sectoral wage bargaining," says the report.
As for unemployment benefits, the OECD proposes to harden reuquisitos active job search for recipients of such benefits.
Liberalizations
The OECD believes that we must reduce costs and procedures for business creation, a section in which Spain is usually at the bottom of industrialized countries, and remove entry barriers in specific sectors, including professional services, as well as in rail and road.
In addition, the authority is to be reduced barriers to open hypermarket imposed by the governments of the regions, and that should be liberalized opening hours in regions where trade restrictions remain. The report recommends raising the national minimum limit of hours that regions must apply to regulate the opening hours.
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