Transparencia Internacionalによる報告書 、金、政治、権力:汚職の危険、(とくにスペイン、ギリシア、イタリア、ポルトガル)によると非能率、職権乱用·悪用、汚職は連動しており、汚職と経済危機は繋っていると
Ningún hombre es una isla
La colusión de corrupción, crisis y extrema desigualdad puede hacerse estructural
Joaquín Estefanía Madrid 4 FEB 2013 - 01:02 CET
No man is an island
The collusion of corruption, crisis and extreme inequality may be structural
Joaquín Estefanía Madrid 4 FEB 2013 - 01:02 CET
A few months ago, the NGO Transparency International released a study entitled Money, politics and power. Dangers of corruption in Europe, which ranked at various points to countries like Spain, Greece, Italy and Portugal. Of them were said to be clear cases of how inefficiency, corruption and abuse are not adequately controlled or sanctioned, also considered the relationship between corruption and economic crisis should stop ignored. These four countries are again united in the classification of unemployment champions last week issued Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Commission. In it was a novelty: for the first time the Greek unemployment rate (26.8%) was higher in December than Spanish (26.1%), in a widespread decline in employment in Europe.
There can be only coincidence, but some kind of relationship between the unemployment data and corruption, they must analyze social scientists. This is what economists call "externalities": what makes a person, or a group, can benefit or harm others. As the poem goes, no man is an island. When jeopardize others who do not have to bear the full consequences of their abuse achieve an improper incentive. Laws and institutions are to provide the right incentives to avoid harm to others, their property, their health, education and public goods (like nature) they enjoy.
The problem arises when they fail the legal responsibilities and policies. This is especially the latter when those in positions of power say they are doing the right thing and pursue the public interest, but their convictions are malleable enough to be convinced by "special interests." Theoretically defend the public interest when in fact adamantly support their own interests.
The triangle of discontent now has a third point, which is the extreme inequality in societies. When corruption is joined by the economic crisis and inequality situation becomes explosive. The increase and distribution difficulties, after five years, is having drastic consequences on the distribution of income and wealth. While the basic indicators of inequality have changed little for the average of the European Union since 2007, Spain is experiencing a dramatic increase in the economic differences between households. The level of concentration of capital income is among the highest in the EU and there is a high incidence of adjustment policies especially in labor income for low wages.
According to Professor of Economics at the Universidad Rey Juan Calos, Luis Ayala (The consequences of austerity, the country from May 10, 2012), there are three Spanish case characteristics that make it unique: first, that the biggest adjustment is place in the household income with less. Second, the transient increases poverty and inequality tend to become chronic, long term, taking into account what has happened in previous downturns in Spain. And third, against the usual assertion that social welfare if they do recover economic activity and employment, data is overwhelming: the estimates of the relationship between poverty cycle and show a marked asymmetry in the response this to recessions and expansions, being much more sensitive to the former. So, back to high growth of the Spanish economy does not guarantee that the problems of insufficient income of an important segment of Spanish society will be drastically reduced.
Avoid the consolidation of that triangle composed of economic crisis, corruption (political and economic) and inequality (of opportunity, income, assets and results) is becoming increasingly urgent to prevent social explosions. These three negative characteristics of the situation can be intense and lasting effects especially in the expectations of the generations that are currently particularly vulnerable stages of their life cycle, and in particular young people, becoming structural.
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