スペインでは、経済危機で、エネルギー効率が攻撃目標となる
La crisis ataca la eficiencia
Los tiempos mandan: a menos recursos, menos inversión en tecnologías ahorradoras
Se tarda más en sustituir los electrodomésticos por otros más ecológicos
Lo que más se tiene en cuenta es, sobre todo, el precio
Cómo conseguir el certificado energético, de la A a la G
Visite la nueva sección de Vivienda
Elena Sevillano Madrid 7 JUN 2013 - 14:08 CET
The crisis attacks the efficiency
Send times: less resources, less investment in saving technologies
It takes longer to replace appliances with more environmentally friendly
What more you have in mind is, above all, the price
How to get the energy certificate, from A to G
Visit the new Housing section
Elena Sevillano Madrid 7 JUN 2013 - 14:08 CET
We have improved, but is still some way to go. This could be the short, very broad brush, the point at which we found the Spanish in this energy efficiency. Even we might have stagnated and even regressed, as revealed by the latest energy efficiency index in the home, which is an indicator that makes eight years Gas Natural Fenosa to know what we do behind closed doors inside. "Some habits efficient, despite being already widespread, above 90%, are down, like putting a Cold program the washing machine or make sure all the lights are off before leaving home" lists Ramon Silva, responsible for innovation and development of energy services Gas Natural Fenosa. But above all, and directly related to the crisis, we have the problem that the appliances are getting older because there is no money to buy new or Renewal plans to help, and those who buy now are chosen more for the money and not both for efficiency.
"A less resources, less is invested in saving technologies, including climbing we use butane, which is an increase of CO2 emissions," states Cecilia Foronda, director of climate change, water and energy of Ecology and Development Foundation (Ecodes). "We go back in efficiency and, in parallel, although it is a bit paradoxical, increases energy poverty many families can no longer buy a refrigerator class because it is more expensive and that is affecting energy behavior," he insists. And how are we about Europe? "The average annual consumption per square meter is about 119 kWh, while the European average is around 236 kWh. But the energy sources used in Spain are more intensive in CO2 emissions, "says Foronda. And stresses that it saved for finishing side, for example, we lose the stand by having the other electronic devices increasingly increasingly consumed energy.
The energy sources used in Spain are more CO2 intensive
The Gas Natural Fenosa index assesses four aspects: maintenance (how we keep the teams we have), control (how we use them), Culture and equipment. Relate economic and sociocultural level higher with greater efficiency, and detects that looks more per watt in homes with small children and in large cities. "We can improve efficiency at three levels: with a change of habits being consolidated, as not to put hot food in the refrigerator or use a washing machine or dishwasher with full load, with a moderate investment, buying as a home appliances A + + or light bulbs, where progress is being made.
The third level, which is where we have much to improve according to statistics, calls for greater economic investment to improve insulation or replace windows, "Silva difference. Of the latter knows Foundation to Save House, which is dedicated to measure the energy that is lost through poorly insulated walls in your energy assessment program of urban (along with the Spanish Federation of Municipalities and Provinces). "One the great difficulty of awareness is invisibility: if you do not see it is more difficult to realize, "adds Alberto Coloma, head of the foundation. The stand by is a red pilotito can turn and feel good about it, but how do you spot anything that comes out of a facade? And that is enough, according to his research on blocks more than 30 years old (as are 80% of the buildings in our country, as highlighted).
If round energy bills, on average, $ 1,000 per household per year, as calculated by the Institute for Diversification and Saving of Energy (IDEA), more than half goes to heating and cooling, and about half for that item is lost uselessly walls, floor and windows. "Between 300 and 400 euros", translates to money Coloma, which recognizes, however, the difficulties in undertaking this type of work on improving the insulation in a crisis without state aid. "We are at the gates of stricter regulation, but, until it does, it is true that in France is asked to façade almost double insulation capacity than is demanded in Spain," he emphasizes.
From June 1, all buildings must have an energy certificate mandatory (as existing on appliances) to be attached when sold or rented. Coloma rate the positive and necessary measure, while Silva's seen as a first step "he had to give," but they really work when such labeling is linked to some kind of economic benefit: access to grants, benefits or tax benefits.
A heart for the water
"We realized from the droughts of the nineties, where many cities suffered cuts and restrictions, then we realized that it was a rare commodity," said Eva Hernandez, head of agriculture water and WWF Spain, when asks if we are efficient in this chapter. The urban distribution networks have improved and lowered their losses by 40% to 20% -15%, depending adds. "The tendency is to consume less, but it is also true that we started from a high level, we were quite gastones" describes.
And put a graphic example: after 1995, the dam of The Melonares would prevent further outages in the city of Seville. "But it would have taken to build it, the people have reduced their water consumption and saved as a reservoir," he concludes. According to the Spanish Association of Water Supply and Sanitation (AEAS), consumption of water per capita per day in Spain has fallen from 144 liters in 2010 to 126 in 2012, a figure below the European average, lower than the London spends 158 liters or 197 of Oslo. "I think we're a little better in water than in energy," says Cecilia Foronda from Ecodes.
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