スペインの住宅建設·販売ブームのアブクの憑(つ)けは、国民が払い、尻ぬぐいさせられる
LA CUARTA PÁGINA
España después de España S.A.
El patrón de la crisis, que pagamos los ciudadanos, se repite: un conjunto de agentes económicos se endeuda al límite, maximiza beneficios y lo que después se demuestre inviable ya será un problema político
Emilio Trigueros 31 DIC 2012 - 00:02 CET
The fourth page
Spain after Spain S.A.
The pattern of the crisis, we pay citizens, is repeated: a set of operators into debt to the limit, which maximizes benefits and then prove unworkable and will be a political problem
Emilio Trigueros 31 DIC 2012 - 00:02 CET
I'll do the necessary reforms whatever it costs me. I'll do whatever I have to do if it's the opposite of what I said. In times of crisis we must cut, is what we must do. " Since May 2010, we have been attending 30 months, between stunned, outraged and disgusted, to a continuous thread of statements of the heads of the country, with driver a clear message: there is no choice. The hammering of solemn declarations possibilists cut us subliminally the right to think and understand, to discuss substantive answers to fundamental questions. If it was a process as unsustainable baskets how money flowed to the boomeconómico? To cover what holes will now destined bailout money?
The money bubble was for years a sort of manna that financial globalization seemed to have put their complacency in Spain. Looking at a globe and imagine global stock of money, find two groups: first countries accumulate wealth and on the other, countries accumulate debt. The former have a trade balance repatriated profits and surplus, and generate savings that wish to maintain inverted across the balance, are countries that want to spend more than they have savings and loans with recourse to the former. To give an idea, in 2008, the peak of the economic cycle, generating savings countries accumulated a surplus of over 1,000,000 million (15 times more than a decade earlier) of those savings, about one-third was oil countries, one third to China and third to Germany and Japan. They supplied money to the global economy, which led, in round figures, 80% of new debt in the U.S., and 20% for new debt in peripheral Europe now called. In 2008 alone, for example, Spain increased its overall net debt, sum of private and public, at 150,000 million.
Why nobody did anything it was certain that the mortgage risk twice that of comparable countries?
To move the billions of rapidly growing global savings into new debts, and maintain full sap flow of economic transactions, international banking fired its weight in the world economy, its turnover and its ability to attract high-wage skulls privileged to new formulas conjugasen with risk aversion of investors and the lust for wealth funded. The effervescence of the international financial system created a whole system of connected bubbles: any bank sought to capture the largest possible debt (liabilities) and give the most credit possible (active) to grow in size. Downstream of the banks, a generation of business leaders are accustomed to find easy financing any project, a generation of politicians became accustomed to the economy and did not consist in the management of scarce resources, but perpetually growing. There were times when the mayor of a large Spanish city could boast that in four years would undertake works that his predecessors had not done in 20, in which, according to recent statements of president of a large construction company, experienced a collective madness exciting the Spanish business world.
How could it get so brutal sobrefinanciarse of the Spanish economy, if our membership of the euro set a limit on the public debt, which met Administrations? The big money is always formulas. Started, for example, privatizing public debt investments: a construction Munia finance a public good (highways, hospitals) concessions in exchange for an annual fee, so that the debt was transferred to the balance of the operator (you get the benefit, while transferring the risk: if overruns or lower than expected revenues, the government budget runs up the canon ou grant new revenue). The view is also how the mistakes of private management in the banking sector should be borne by society. On another note, overcapacity in sectors like electricity, deregulated, result in higher utility rates. A pattern is repeated: a set of operators into debt to the limit, maximizing profits at the top of the cycle, and it is proved that while it was not feasible, then it will be a political problem.
The roots of the mortgage boom and crash are well documented. Spanish banks financed only with the base of customer deposits 20% of the mortgages granted (in France and Germany, 80% of mortgages are financed on deposits). The remaining 80% of Spanish mortgages external funding, 30% corresponded to a standard that transfers the risk to foreign investors, and the remaining 50%, however, was wholesale funding (less than 20% in any other major country in the euro ). Wholesale funding is rotating, and senior sobrecolateralizada, namely loans are to be repaid in installments and renew a few years, the bank sobreavalar require the best of its assets the loan, and have priority over any funder collection. Thus, holders of wholesale funding, in case of problems, the Spanish bank had "caught" when it comes, for example, the end of a five-year loan (with which the Spanish bank has financed mortgages of 30 years) If the entity can not repay principal, the creditor is entitled to keep the best of its loan portfolio, which would leave more difficulties to face the rest of their funders, bondholders or shareholders, who flee in terror. "Markets are closed".
Healthy democratic mechanisms have failed to do counterbalance the economic power
What is happening in Spain for 30 months can be described as a chain of formulas to keep the banking system with artificial breathing bridge loans from the ECB, while black men loan lending discussed the situation of each entity and negotiates at what pace and socialize losses reprivatize healthy fragments. With temporary loans, the ECB put a cordon sanitaire to holes of Spanish banks that do not affect the international system chain: Spanish banks are canceling foreign wholesale advance loan with money from the ECB, and are indebted to this , emerged as the de facto director of the Spanish financial system.
Why nobody did anything, whether it should be evident at certain levels that the risk doubled or tripled the mortgage comparable countries? According to the current governor, the Bank of Spain suggested measures to curb credit growth, but the banking lobby flatly rejected them, arguing that it would put at a disadvantage against international competitors. One can imagine the reasons for bank managers to overflow any limit risk: everyone did, the results were stratospheric and so easy to capture foreign money, if you ever came wrongly made that day ... the problem was no longer the entity would be the country.
Ordinary citizen is left with the feeling that they have missed a political and democratic mechanisms that make healthy counterbalance the economic power. A country may be at least two ways: as a single business area, Spain, SA to understand, with decision centers on taxes and identifiable, and as a society that shares the values and walks along a common path. We are paying crudely sedation of this second Spain, in the years when the new money distorted the notion of merit and blurred the habit of publicly explain our options. Not all decisions can be reduced to economic expediency, as manipulable, much less after the evidence of how what generated our short-term prosperity was destroying long. "What to do" is to speak of right and wrong, of what happened and should not ever happen again, that which builds a better society and decisions about responsibility and accountability to citizens, and what is not. The massive bank bailout could have marked the downfall of some arrogant liberalism celtibérico: if devoted, however, the discrediting of public life, his biggest battle will be won.
Emilio is Trigueros specialist industrial chemical and energy markets.
0 件のコメント:
コメントを投稿