スペインは、もう 仕事が簡単に見付かる黄金郷ではない
España ya no es El Dorado
La salida de extranjeros reduce el padrón a 47.059.788 habitantes
La población cae por primera vez desde que hay registros
Jaime Prats Valencia 22 ABR 2013 - 22:31 CET
Spain no longer El Dorado
Foreign output reduces the pattern to 47,059,788 inhabitants
The population falls for the first time since no records
Jaime Prats Valencia 22 ABR 2013 - 22:31 CET
For the first time since no reliable official figures, the population residing in Spain back. The first census that specialists seriously rigor grant is 1857, the year he was born Alfonso XII. Spain had 15,464,310 inhabitants. Since then, all official statistics either censuses or municipal registers (they began in 1996) marked a steady increase in the population (less in the years of the war, but no census time). And so it was until yesterday, the day on which the National Statistics Institute (INE) released the provisional data-even-the standard to January 1, 2013 to reflect an unprecedented situation: a decline in population. Behind this phenomenon is the disastrous economic situation that has engulfed Spain, but no responsibility can be attributed exclusively to the crisis.
The INE statistical advance indicates that in Spain there are 47,059,533 inhabitants. 11.7% are foreigners (5,520,133), of which most are non-EU (3,167,155). The pattern reflects a decrease of 205,788 people from the previous year, which is distributed very unevenly among those with Spanish nationality and those without. While the net number of registered Spanish experienced a very slight increase of 0.02% compared to January 2012 (10,337 people), the foreigners fell significantly by 3.8% (216 125 citizens).
Evolution of the population in Spain.
What explains this drop in the population? "As economic conditions change," he replies without hesitation researcher Albert Esteve, Center for Demographic Studies at the Autonomous University of Barcelona. "Spain is less attractive and there is a departure of domestic, foreign and foreign-born persons naturalized," he says, "although existing data is difficult to know what percentage for each group."
Some of the casualties are collecting standard two years ago
Esteve prefer to give more weight to the meaning of the numbers to the data itself. "I do not focus so much on the numbers, but more relevant, changing demographic dynamics that are experiencing the Spanish population, which is stabilizing after a continued population growth, and that is because immigration has stopped ". "It was expected," says Teresa Castro, Center for Humanities and Social Sciences National Research Council (CSIC) for the INE statistics. Castro explained that this fall in population was seen coming and had arrived much earlier had it not been for the hiatus that saw 2000 from the arrival of immigrants. The fall of natural increase (the number of births minus deaths) in the Spanish population had captured some years ago as demographic decline but for the illusion that somehow involved the foreign population increased. Now, with the departure of immigrants (and also national) in search of a better future, and after the closing parenthesis that refers Castro, demographic reality emerges showing falling population.
Both UAB researcher as CSIC demographer warn that the data do not necessarily show the exact number of people earlier this year. The pattern is made from the information continually refer to INE municipalities of citizens who register in the municipality. One of the most important data of the census is referring to the behavior of the foreign population, especially the non-EU (the most mobile and the majority).
These people have to renew every two years its high in the register to put on record that still live in the town where they recorded. This circumstance, together with anyone who leaves the country is written off in the municipal register means that the reflection of the movements of foreigners leaving the country is not immediate. That is, an unknown number of casualties this year's census are people who left Spain two years ago, in what is now aware, not having renewed the registration. Similarly, there are people who went last year and whose output will be known only next year.
The Spanish are replacing foreign cleaning tasks
But these conditions do not detract from the conclusions drawn from census data. "Beyond the actual photograph, the figure indicates a trend of reducing the number of inhabitants" insists Teresa Castro. "In my opinion, probably still has less population showing the pattern".
INE data reveal a slight increase in the Spanish population of just over 10,000 people, behind which lies the weight of naturalized immigrants. "The data are around the 100,000 nationalizations new year," said Teresa Castro, offsetting the decline of natural growth - "if not negative, close to it" - and domestic migration.
Records relating to the foreign population fall again, as happened last year, but at a much faster pace. If in the census of 2012 the numbers reflect a decline compared to 2011 of 15,229 people (-0.26%), is now 216 125 (-3.8%). The decline shows a similar rate among the population relatively Community and non-Community but very unequal in absolute numbers.
Surprising decrease of 15,558 Germans to (-7.9%) or British 14,799 less (-3.7%) registered. "It can be explained by the change in circumstances and that Spain is not so attractive to do business," explains Andreu Sunday. Romanians are also 28,568 less (-3.2%) and 7,780 Bulgarians less (-4.4%).
Among the non-EU, highlights the drop in the number of Colombians (24,984, -10%), Argentina (11,801, -10.8%) and Bolivia (13,606, -7.3%). But more than any other nationality, INE shows a large decrease in Ecuadorian: 45,951 people, or 15%.
I'm glad to see my father, but I'll have to start again
Beatriz Amores, Ecuadorian immigrant will return home on May 5
Beatriz Amores, 45, has ticket back to Lima on May 5. "Return home to Cuenca in Azuay Province, in the mountains". Amores, who lives in Valencia, came to Spain in 1999, in the first waves of immigrants, and worked until four years ago. "I was cleaning in offices, backyards, hotels ..." he explains. Since 2009, he has been increasingly harder to find work. "Many temporary employment companies now are decided by Spanish not previously worked in cleaning, and to some extent, I understand," he explains. Since then he has had more than informal jobs. And has chosen to return. "In Ecuador, family, find more help here I have no work to survive," he says. "I leave with a bittersweet, glad return to see my father, that is not right, but the situation in the country is not easy, is to start over again."
The pattern shows that during 2012 the number of foreigners has fallen in all regions, except in Melilla. As in previous years, the autonomies with the highest rate of foreign population are Baleares (20.1%), Valencia (16.8%) and Murcia (15.7%). Is queued Extremadura (3.7%).
Also Melilla, an increase of 3.5%, is the only exception to the general trend of population decline in all regions. Most people who lose are Castile and León and Castile-La Mancha, both with a drop of 1.2%. "The explanation for this situation would be found in the negative natural growth in these regions," says Teresa Castro. "Where there is less dynamic due to migration, the falling birth rate and their inability to compensate for mortality shown more evidence," he says. "Asturias long ago has a negative natural growth." In fact, the Principality is the third most falls autonomy in population (-0.9%) behind the two castles.
The Castile, aged, are the regions most people lose
It is more than likely that since 1857 there have been years when the Spanish population descended. For example, during or after the Civil War. Or mass emigration that occurred in the 1950s and 1960s, as noted from the INE. But then official records, census, was produced every ten years. And could not an official record of these population movements. For example, the 1930 census shows a population of 23,677,794 while in 1940 the figure rose to 26,015,907 inhabitants. From the 1970s, changed the frequency of the records. In addition to the surveys, published annually updates always reflected census population increases. And so it happened also with the standards, until yesterday.
"Hundreds of returning to Ecuador have great difficulty"
As president of the Association of Ecuadorian residents Rumiñahui, Vladimir Paspuel is a privileged witness the exodus of compatriots both returning to their country and to other European destinations in search of opportunities not found in Spain.
Paspuel explains that those who have achieved double Ecuadorian and Spanish throughout his years in the country directed their steps towards England, Italy, Belgium and Holland. "We are in continuous contact with immigrant associations in these countries tell us how more and more Ecuadorians displaced from Spain".
Some people do not have the option of looking for work in Europe. Those who did not get dual citizenship. They lost their jobs in construction or agricultural work and thus their work permit and residence. At present they are irregular, with the risk of being identified, arrested and threatened with an expulsion order, tells Paspuel.
For this group, the number does not dare to calculate Rumiñahui president, the main outlet is eligible for voluntary return program funded by the State and the European Union, limited to the undocumented. "They are the most vulnerable, a group made up mostly of men who carry two to three years unemployed and who have exhausted their benefit."
Depending on whether you plan to launch a job back home or simply want to return, aid typically range from 1,450 euros plus 450 euros plus ticket or passage.
"However, what is not found in many occasions they expected; know if hundreds of people who have encountered great difficulties back home," says Paspuel. "Keep in mind that the country has changed since I left behind, wages are low and well below what can be won in Spain, the jobs are not plentiful ...".
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