スペインの年金制度が破綻しないような専門家による年金制度改革試案
Debate sobre su futuro
Los expertos proponen un cambio radical en el cálculo de pensiones para garantizarlas
La prestación se hallaría sumando las aportaciones y dividiéndola por los años de esperanza de vida.
Así será su pensión si tiene 50 años
.
José Antonio Vega
Madrid
22-04-2013 07:21
Debate about the future
Experts propose a radical change in the calculation of pensions to guarantee them
The provision would be found by summing the contributions and dividing by the years of life expectancy.
So will your pension if age 50
.
José Antonio Vega
Madrid
04.22.2013 7:21
The Consultative Group to Reflect on Public Policy, sponsored by the employer's insurance industry Unespa, sees beyond the current crisis, the Spanish pension system has a growing financial deficiency caused by aging trend of the population, and that there is corrected with the recovery of GDP, nor with the addition of more parametric reforms of the retirement system, those that mobilize certain variables but do not guarantee sustainability. Prolong life but not cure your ailment.
The experts will document delivered to the Government, political parties, trade unions and employers, and will be the first major reflection for social debate that has started with the restrictions on early retirement and finding a sustainability factor for system.
For Rafael Domenech, Jose Luis Leal, José María Fidalgo, Felipe Serrano, Victor Perez Diaz and Juan Manuel Eguiagaray, who chairs the group, Social Security requires a profound change in the determination of the contributory pension, and respecting the principles sufficiency, contributory and equity, provide ongoing financial balance. Now no such, and given the population pressure and the alleged guarantees provided by law, the imbalance is growing, and can only be absorbed by abrupt changes in some parameters (retirement age, level of assurance, etc..) That begin to exhaust its route.
The system would be cast, but the pension will be more in the contributed
.Keeping the intergenerational distribution system (today assets financed pensions liabilities) propose to replace the current defined benefit arrangements (there is a commitment to ensure that each contributor will receive what pension to certain conditions), by a mechanism Defined contribution. At the time of retirement, anticipated or not, each contributor's pension becomes the sum of their contributions throughout their career (due date) divided by the number of years you expect to live once removed; this number of years is determined for the entire group of their generation or their fifth.
Thus, the contributions of each employee, from day one, despite paying spent on pensions for their older (still a distribution system), are recorded in a virtual account or notional amount of which expresses the value of the accumulating rights. The formula provides certainty to the expected benefit, despite knowing only the contribution, since that formula is fixed from the start. In the current mechanism, according to the experts, despite knowing that one provision reportedly being manufactured, can be changed legally by sudden changes in the parameters that determine it, as has happened every eight years since 1980.
Traffic costs
- The most difficult problem posed by a system of notional accounts (individual) is the transition from the current system. How it guarantees by law, must be respected for as liabilities and those who will be in a certain number of years. It is difficult to make the cut of age, but could be tested notional account for less than 50 years.
- A groups of assets to be transferred are determined by the contributions, because if rights are transferred, are born with the defect of not being financed with their quotes.
- The new system would mean the exclusion of contributory mechanism widowhood and welfare pensions, and finance with taxes.
.Using this formula there are no barriers to entry into the contributory model, although you can keep a system of minimum pensions, account each contribution, and no age limits, as now, in which the contributions beyond 35 years and those above the threshold that guarantees the maximum pension system, go to the limbo of solidarity Interrentas and between generations.
Moreover, this mechanism, according to its designers, is equitable between generations, moving to the future because it avoids the cost of excessive current commitments guaranteed by the standard and no reforms made at the time, and have built up financial services very high and constitute the implicit deficit of the pension system. This mechanism, which should move in a certain mandatory parameters, as now, provides enough knowledge to modulate how much of the savings you want to spend, if deemed necessary, to individual funding mechanisms.
With this model, it should have revaluation formulas contributions and pensions, an important part of sustainability would be in life expectancy of each generation, but must also have additional elements to restore financial equilibrium when descuadren resources and expenses. It also provides neutral, flexible within limits, and each worker retires at the age you want, and accordingly fixed his pension.
In search of a return of 70% of the last income
Since the model for determining the amount of pensions proposed by the Consultative Group of Reflection on Public Policy aims to restore financial balance system now has no Social Security tax, it is clear that for those conformasen your retirement account notional provision would be lower than that now provides the standard, unless the contributions partiesen of above current levels. To form a complete mechanism retirement forecast, experts believe that there you have to give value to funded supplementary schemes, formats conveniently combine public and private, and having to modify the current pattern of savings.
Experts assume that this formula proposed road will not open immediately, and accurate public discussion of all social and political forces (all will provide the document elaborated), but believe that is the only slow the decline replacement rate (income received as boarders regarding perceived as contributor) in recent years.
Reasonably believe that Social Security contributions devolve an income of 70% of active income, compared with about 80% who currently only because a normative commitment so provides, even creating a huge deficit whose financing is transferred to future. The threshold renbta want each, depend and saving private mechanisms, the consideration estimated tax must change.
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