スペインでは、100万000人の25歳以下の若者が仕事を探している
REPORTAJE
Jóvenes a la espera
Hacen deporte, cursos, envían currículos, limpian el hogar, cuidan de sus mayores
Casi un millón de menores de 25 años buscan empleo en España. Nos colamos en su vida para contar qué están haciendo
Una generación marcada
La crisis golpea de nuevo a los jóvenes
Toda la información sobre Empleo
Guillermo Abril 22 ABR 2013 - 00:00 CET
FEATURE
Waiting Youth
They sport, courses, send resumes, cleaned the home, caring for their older
Nearly one million under-25s seeking employment in Spain. We snuck in his life to tell what they are doing
A generation
The crisis hits back at youth
All information on Employment
Guillermo Abril 22 ABR 2013 - 00:00 CET
The day has the pallor of a photo evening when the three friends leave behind a gas station and a hotel offering rooms with shared bath at 29 euros, parking dusty and a McDonald's, and start walking in single file along the side of a lane parallel to the highway. You hear the cars as perdigonazos and a commuter train buzzes at 11.59 on a Tuesday in February. Bags and bottles ribetean decomposing the narrow asphalt, they chatter and the dodge vehicles. Flow into a roundabout surrounded by raw land. There are works in stockings and a huge block of flats, glossy and overlooking the highway. They leave the road and go through a tunnel with walls covered in graffiti. They print their footprints in the mud and lie across a lake of stagnant water and reeds on the shore sallow. A solitary bird takes flight. Rows arise Lake concrete pillars that hold the road knot over their heads. On the opposite shore a building survives flakes coated buntings, a shopping center called Option used with streams of light illuminate the night sky in the periphery. Today is a closed range. The bird starts another flight and the three friends of earth climb a hill, the background begins to appear green and white of the first large commercial aircraft of the polygon, the macroferretería Leroy Merlin. Al passed him, discuss whether it is better to make the trip "bottom-up" or "top-down" and opt for the latter. So pass by Ikea, but that starts a debate about whether they think eating dog finish his journey only costs one euro or 50 euro cents and you pay when the puppy has caramelized onions - "Coca-Cola is euro and half, that's for sure, "says one. Exceeding crosswalks and sidewalks Body restaurants with the firm cracked Worten until they reach a consumer electronics center whose slogan is "Here your money is worth more." Then they open their bags, take the cue sheet with their resumes, mechanical doors open and cross the threshold in search of a job.
Go away from Spain? To go on studying? That can only ask people with savings or your family can pay
Noelia Sánchez, 19 years. Out of work since the end of the average degree in Administrative Management
You can change the names, conversations and stage. But that, broadly speaking, is what they are doing 930,000 young people in Spain, where almost one in four under 25 years of age (over 16) is on the hunt for a place in the labor market, as the latest Labour Force Survey. The unemployment rate in this age round 55%. The highest in the country from which data and the most embarrassing of Europe: a "shame unacceptable" in the words of Martin Schulz, President of the European Parliament, a "social emergency", according to José Manuel Barroso, the Commission colleague European. One thing raw, shocking and very symmetric, in the background, means that when you leave Worten, one has to get into Conforama, an area of kitchenware, and from there to Kiabi ("fashion at small prices"), and Kiabi to Media Markt, and then Nido, along the lines of a script that the three know by heart. The faces between solidarity and disdain for dependents. The mechanical gesture with which they drop the sheets on top of the stack. "The catch like hotcakes," says low winter sun Oscar Frias, 20, sunglasses and scarf, three months experience in a company of free time, average degree in Administrative Management, without a driving license, with availability immediate, non-smoker. A couple of weeks ago and walked by this polygon called Park West Alcorcón trying their luck. The last was kicked Xanadu, a shopping center on the outskirts mammoth south of Madrid. And so, alternating places, leaving folios as one planted in a barren land, to go back to December 21, 2011, when Cold and Noelia Sánchez, her friend of 19 years and fallen like a curtain bangs on the forehead, companion on this trip nowhere and also the FP course, ended the practice. Counter is stopped. 30% of young unemployed has more than a year with his hands tied to the pockets, they will shortly meet half years. You are not surprised the sign on the door of the Orange shop who rudely kicked out - "do not pick curricula" - nor are they taken in by the clerk of a local goodies: "There is constant movement" . I have heard before. "Then do not call". End of the tour. A puppy cheap at Ikea and from the center of Móstoles.
Noelia, Oscar and Jerome walk into a polygon to hand out resumes. / Alfredo Chalice
His life in this southern city of Madrid has a lot of bubble. Without money or independence, just cross their borders. Van walked everywhere. They cast hours on the street, "in the square, eating pipes, playing cards." They have learned to survive without a penny. Noel lives with his grandparents - "both have pensions, but the petite" - and shares a room with her aunt. He left his mother's house because her little sister lives there and she had become "another mouth". Once a month is passed by Caritas to pick up a food basket. Or is about a church evangelist, where "listening to the sermon, you pay one euro, you get a bag of food. But you have to pay the euro, huh. "
Frias's story, in which only comes home payroll father, a brother and a mother standing idle, is similar: "I finished studying and was told to find a meter other gigs pay". Both help with the purchase and cleaning. Before eating, going to school and pick Jerónimo Sánchez, Noelia boyfriend (and third companion that walk in search of employment), studying a higher degree. "Our life is a bit boring." Every day is like the next. They know the best prices Mercadona to dress a large container ("white vodka: 3,99 euros") and formed a volleyball team, called La Plaza in honor of the place where they kill time. They train two afternoons a week and play on Sunday. Occasionally you pass a gas station and garbage collected refueling tics who reject customers. With each ticket, after filling out an online form, you get 55 points. With 190 points you get a movie ticket. So picaresque works century. "Shortly we can do to get out of this," says Noel sitting on a bench. "Find Jobs. Little more. You can not bring study or go out of Spain. That can only ask people with savings or your family can afford. I have that I still remain here. " And Oscar, at his side: "I feel excluded from the system." As trapped in a bubble, he concludes, "that you want to leave, but not ...".
There are many ways to be young and unemployed. But most can be summed up in three, according to Juan José Dolado, Professor of Macroeconomics at the University Carlos III of Madrid and author reports that fuel the OECD to dissect Spanish precariousness: "Either you are living for their families. Or working in black. Or up leaving the country. " Somewhere between adolescence and adulthood, it is a no man's land where you go and try finishing the studies started his adult life. Work, emancipated. Today they live in Spain just over four million kids between 16 and 24. Roughly half are studying (in 2007 41% were: the crisis has fallen ESL). And only 757,200 have jobs (18% of young people, when in 2007 worked 40%). A few, 15%, combined studies and employment, and almost one in four is in a limbo in which time passes without either.
José Antonio Gómez at the end (to win) the game of chess in the league Madrid. / A. C.
Most have created a routine to survive discouragement. They send out resumes, is aimed at courses, play sports. They are "wizards" home, as we read one. They take care of their elders. Or the family garden. They are waiting. Dormant. With minimum expense. Like a seed when no water. "I did not dedicate myself to the softness," says Jose Antonio Gomez, 24, unemployed lawyer with a masters in Philosophy, two postgraduate at the School of Legal Practice and no work experience. I know at the gym Kiofu where judo training two evenings a week. "Here they come to let off steam", which presents his teacher. The fight with another lawyer stopped. Take a blood stain on the kimono. And in that place, says the owner, half of the members and students are looking for work. As leyber Castro, Spanish from Ecuador to the edge of the 19 years. Pupil of mixed martial arts, a cocktail of martial arts, has an agreement with the owner that looks like something out of a boxing movie: the guy has talent, but can not afford the gym because not hired anywhere; trains change to open in the mornings and scrubbing the locker room when they put closure.
I feel left out of the system. Without options. A pariah almost. But not guilty. Because I've done everything I had to do
Jose Antonio Gomez, 24. Studied Law, an MA in Philosophy and two postgraduate at the School of Legal Practice. Get to their "whims" teaching chess in schools.
The lawyer judoka also accompanied him on a Sunday at their weekly game of chess in the league Madrid. After an opening Scottish contrary, takes the initiative and its enemy flag drops the two movements mate. Jose Antonio Gomez says he feels "a pariah almost", but chess allows paid a "fad": two afternoons a week teaching at schools. Mornings were spent reading. History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire at hand. His life is reminiscent of oriental monk: chess, study and exercise.
Another morning still winter, the scene takes place inside a classroom: a boy with sticky-up hair and shine on freshly shaven chin sits at the desk. Two men from the age of his father scrutinize. Adrian Fernandez put your best face forward:
- How old are you?
-Twenty.
- Have completed the ESO?
-Finished, but suspense.
- And now you're ...?
-In the strike.
-I say that if you are enrolled in an adult school to finish.
-Nothing.
'Well, this is a problem, right? Do you have a course of vocational training?
-I made one of welder. Not finished.
- Why you are interested in plumbing?
-Because right now I stand and whatever comes ... well.
- Where are you?
-The neighborhood. In front of the Decathlon.
Adrian Fernandez, 22, in an interview to access a course for unemployed. / A. C.
We are in South Initiatives Foundation in Orcasitas, one of the districts of Madrid with the highest unemployment. Dozens of young people come for testing access to training courses for the unemployed under 30 years. The center was in the crisis of the nineties, sponsored by the neighborhood association network. Today, its employees resist budget with half that in 2006. "We are with a record of temporary employment regulation by limited public resources," says the director, Paco Palomera. And rehearse a sociology of unemployment: "People swallows more than before. Is externalized less. Organizes less. You may search the Internet. Or perhaps we are more individualistic. "
At the door we find Virginia Caparros, 24, thick headphones and Palestinian scarf. Is not easily seen from the street. Not output. You have no leisure. "Breathing costs money," he says. At best, check "a game to play" in the evenings. With a degree in Barber, worked around and looking for whatever. He's come to ask for information about accounting courses. We would like to succeed him as her friend Rachel, who starts working tomorrow administrative and studied for years that sort of thing. In the hall boarded aspiring courses Pest Control and Fiscal Management for Entrepreneurs. Alexander Peña, 25, three of them stopped, "from the petardazo". Carter has done courses and food handler, building maintenance and welder. His hands helped build the tunnels of the M-30. "Sometimes I look under a bridge. You're trying to get you the beans and not even give one. " Daniel Élez, 23. Calm face. He learned of the course by his father, also unemployed, who came to the center to see if he left something to be recycled. "Only had for young people. I said to come ".
Alejandra Fernández Gil, 25 years. Seize the time to be unemployed makeup. / A. C.
Alejandra Fernández Gil, 25, has come to do accounting tests. It stands from 23. But plans. So you need to know more about numbers. A couple of days later, under a leaden sky by crossing snowflakes scattered, Alejandra leads up to a small second hand car you paid with your settlement. Administrative spent four years at a furniture company. Starts, runs through an industrial estate and in the Top 40 starts to sound a theme that says: "And there's no stopping us right now" (right now we can stop), appropriate to explain how he decided to venture into the world of makeup "I started researching techniques online. I have met people who are dedicated to it. We may be many. But not all do the same. " Stop the car in the parking lot of a mall. Boot takes a briefcase purple. It enters the premises Gershon R. Hairdressers, where the owner, with her hair half shaved skull and a reflection on the nerve cobalt, lets you practice. Alejandra does it for free. Of time. An evening also usually take her friend Sara. Computer unemployed, manages technology giving private lessons to seniors. A few, mind, taught to handle Skype. So they can talk to his son, who has started to make a living abroad.
The first offer we heard during the preparation of this report the read Begoña Llovet, director of Tandem language school specializing in German, and which have increased by 70% courses since 2011, according to his calculations. "Translate" says Llovet reading an email that has arrived from Germany. "We urgently ... registered nurses ... with title ... at least level B1 ... offer a permanent contract ... Social Security ... gross salaries of between 2,500 and 3,700." At the academy is famous nurse who left in January to a small town near Frankfurt, with one-year contract to serve elderly. Tells him his girlfriend, Maria Fernandez, 24, graduated in Nursing, also unemployed ("good, working three nights a month in a hospital") and German polishing his intention to leave. Your boy, Ignacio Rodriguez Ubeda, 23, has become "superfamoso among the people recognize him on the street and say: 'You are the first Spanish". At the airport were to receive several authorities, including the minister of Hesse State Employment. It aired a report about it on the news. In the pictures you see the migrant faced not believe it when a man in a suit (the minister) was about an airport lobby and extends his hand.
Mikel Bollain, technical architect, 24, portrayed in Vitoria. / A. C.
At the academy, whose entrance is kind brochures "Job opportunities in the construction sector in Germany", comes also an architect of 25 whose goal is "to go to anywhere." This gijonesa named Elizabeth tomorrow race began in 2005 and quickly realized that was directed "against a wall". He finished the project in May 2012. In September began targeting on a pad job applications. The list two weeks ago, reached the number 254. Here you can read studies shipments to Argentina, Denmark, Norway, United Kingdom ... On the drawing board are curricula in four languages. On November 13, according to the diary, tomorrow down the bar and asked for a job at La Casa del Libro. The 19, Fnac and Cortefiel. In January downgrade again: Dunkin 'Donuts, Telepizza and McDonald's. "Battle work" calls. And even.
When the race started, we sold very nice. We said, "You're going to get out of here before finishing"
Mikel Bollain, technical architect, 24. Without work experience. Lives in Vitoria and attending a course for unemployed Basque Employment Service on the envelope efficiency.
The philosophy is simple: "If in my category there is no demand, I adapt to lower positions," says Ricardo Silva, regional director of the multinational Adecco temporary work. "The employer and the employee earns versatile medium-high profile moves of outlining the medium-low". The account in the company's headquarters in Las Palmas, the Spanish province hardest hit by youth unemployment, with 72% unemployment. Today is a day of interviews. They look a hundred young for a hotel group. Waiters. Chefs. The interview comes a quiet guy. Victor Macias, 24, a crew cut military air. Look confident. Year and a half unemployed. Want a job in the kitchen. "From teeny fumbling and with spices," says the interviewer. "Have you been on board?". "And cold, but I'm hot. Although I do anything right now. " At the end of the interview, Macias talks about his routines: "Echo morning in the family farm. I look after the garden and animals. Pick tomatoes ".
The head of delegation, with extensive fieldwork, speaks of the "role of the grandmother" of families who do "real magic" pension of 600 euros, of "the excluded" they are six months looking and feel "wasted by society ", from the beach of Las Canteras, full of young people and sport, once again:" It helps them stay active. Because it undermines your confidence. No call you and you start thinking, 'I'm failing self. On the promenade there is an area to run with hundreds of people. "
After six and a half breaking my eyelashes with school, I have the feeling to fool
Isabel Tomorrow. Architect, 25. Fluent in English and French. Now get German lessons. He wants to go "to where".
De Las Palmas flew to the Basque Country, the opposite theory (autonomy is the lowest unemployment rate in Spain, 16%, and Gipuzkoa, the second province with the lowest youth unemployment, after Huesca). But there also sport has become a constant. "I will not be lying on the couch. Not good for the body. Not for the mind, "says Mikel Bollain, Vitoria, 24, a technical architect. No job since graduating, and after a few months in London, he had to take care of his grandfather, 90 years. He started jogging. To go to the gym. A little tennis. Some of basketball. Since January combines exercise with green jobs a course organized by Lanbide-Basque Employment Service on energy efficiency of buildings. "Some people are weighing very heavily. I think this is an opportunity, "he smiles Iraia Uranga, 24, graduated in Environmental Sciences, Masters in Marine Ecology, stop and now student Lanbide the same program, but in San Sebastian. They are ways of seeing. Beside him, the training center's psychologist says: "Many bring a picture defeatist. But in this sector is expected to grow by 120%. " May occur. And while waiting, Iraia a "love of nature", every evening after the course, if the currents are favorable, dons neoprene, thrown into the sea with a bottle and goes into the depths.
Isabel Tomorrow, 25. Not employed, but has engaged in sport. / A. C.
Recently, the architect Gijon Isabel Tomorrow, cited above, also started running regularly, and three days a week in the gym is crushed. Her sister affectionately called her and her friends, "the gattacas" for this science fiction movie (Gattaca) in which young, handsome, athletic, gifted genetically and mentally perfect waiting day after day, without reaching them , the fate for which they were designed: travel into space.
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